Post-Truth, Fake News by Michael A. Peters Sharon Rider Mats Hyvönen & Tina Besley

Author:Michael A. Peters, Sharon Rider, Mats Hyvönen & Tina Besley
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Singapore, Singapore

Post-truth as a Public Pedagogy

In information sciences, the content of the human mind is commonly classified according to the so-called data–information–knowledge–wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy (Fig. 1). ‘Data are symbols that represent the properties of objects and events. Information consists of processed data, the processing directed at increasing its usefulness’ (Ackoff 1999, p. 170). ‘Knowledge builds on information that is extracted from data’ (Boddy et al. 2005, p. 9); depending on philosophical traditions, it can take numerous shapes and definitions. Finally, ‘wisdom is the ability to act critically or practically in any given situation. It is based on ethical judgement related to an individual’s belief system’ (Jashapara 2005, p. 17–18).3

Fig. 1The data–information–knowledge–wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy

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